SFML 3.1.0
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Public Member Functions | Public Attributes | Related Symbols | List of all members
sf::Vector2< T > Class Template Reference
System module

Class template for manipulating 2-dimensional vectors. More...

`#include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>`

## Public Member Functions
constexpr | Vector2 ()=default
| Default constructor.
constexpr | Vector2 (T x, T y)
| Construct the vector from cartesian coordinates.
template<typename U>
constexpr | operator Vector2< U > () const
| Converts the vector to another type of vector.
| Vector2 (T r, Angle phi)
| Construct the vector from polar coordinates (floating-point).
T | length () const
| Length of the vector (floating-point).
constexpr T | lengthSquared () const
| Square of vector's length.
Vector2 | normalized () const
| Vector with same direction but length 1 (floating-point).
Angle | angleTo (Vector2 rhs) const
| Signed angle from *this to rhs (floating-point).
Angle | angle () const
| Signed angle from +X or (1,0) vector (floating-point).
Vector2 | rotatedBy (Angle phi) const
| Rotate by angle `phi` (floating-point).
constexpr Vector2 | projectedOnto (Vector2 axis) const
| Projection of this vector onto axis (floating-point).
constexpr Vector2 | perpendicular () const
| Returns a perpendicular vector.
constexpr T | dot (Vector2 rhs) const
| Dot product of two 2D vectors.
constexpr T | cross (Vector2 rhs) const
| Z component of the cross product of two 2D vectors.
constexpr Vector2 | componentWiseMul (Vector2 rhs) const
| Component-wise multiplication of *this and rhs.
constexpr Vector2 | componentWiseDiv (Vector2 rhs) const
| Component-wise division of *this and rhs.

## Public Attributes
T | x {}
| X coordinate of the vector.
T | y {}
| Y coordinate of the vector.

## Related Symbols
(Note that these are not member symbols.)
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > | operator- (Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of unary operator-.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > & | operator+= (Vector2< T > &left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator+=.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > & | operator-= (Vector2< T > &left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator-=.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > | operator+ (Vector2< T > left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator+.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > | operator- (Vector2< T > left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator-.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > | operator* (Vector2< T > left, T right)
| Overload of binary operator*.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > | operator* (T left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator*.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > & | operator*= (Vector2< T > &left, T right)
| Overload of binary operator*=.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > | operator/ (Vector2< T > left, T right)
| Overload of binary operator/.
template<typename T>
constexpr Vector2< T > & | operator/= (Vector2< T > &left, T right)
| Overload of binary operator/=.
template<typename T>
constexpr bool | operator== (Vector2< T > left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator==.
template<typename T>
constexpr bool | operator!= (Vector2< T > left, Vector2< T > right)
| Overload of binary operator!=.

## Detailed Description

template<typename T>
class sf::Vector2< T >

Class template for manipulating 2-dimensional vectors.

sf::Vector2 is a simple class that defines a mathematical vector with two coordinates (x and y).

It can be used to represent anything that has two dimensions: a size, a point, a velocity, a scale, etc.

The API provides basic arithmetic (addition, subtraction, scale), as well as more advanced geometric operations, such as dot/cross products, length and angle computations, projections, rotations, etc.

The template parameter T is the type of the coordinates. It can be any type that supports arithmetic operations (+, -, /, *) and comparisons (==, !=), for example int or float. Note that some operations are only meaningful for vectors where T is a floating point type (e.g. float or double), often because results cannot be represented accurately with integers. The method documentation mentions "(floating-point)" in those cases.

You generally don't have to care about the templated form (sf::Vector2<T>), the most common specializations have special type aliases:

- sf::Vector2<float> is sf::Vector2f
- sf::Vector2<int> is sf::Vector2i
- sf::Vector2<unsigned int> is sf::Vector2u

The sf::Vector2 class has a simple interface, its x and y members can be accessed directly (there are no accessors like setX(), getX()).

Usage example:

sf::Vector2f v(16.5f, 24.f);
v.x = 18.2f;
float y = v.y;
sf::Vector2f w = v * 5.f;
sf::Vector2f u;
u = v + w;
float s = v.dot(w);
bool different = (v != u);
sf::Vector2::y
T y
Y coordinate of the vector.
Definition Vector2.hpp:207
sf::Vector2::dot
constexpr T dot(Vector2 rhs) const
Dot product of two 2D vectors.
sf::Vector2f
Vector2< float > Vector2f
Definition Vector2.hpp:213

Note: for 3-dimensional vectors, see sf::Vector3.

Definition at line 43 of file Vector2.hpp.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

## ◆ Vector2() [1/3]

template<typename T>

sf::Vector2< T >::Vector2 | ( |  | ) |
| constexpr default

Default constructor.

Creates a Vector2(0, 0).

## ◆ Vector2() [2/3]

template<typename T>

sf::Vector2< T >::Vector2 | ( | T | x,
|  | T | y )
| constexpr

Construct the vector from cartesian coordinates.

Parameters

  x | X coordinate
  y | Y coordinate

## ◆ Vector2() [3/3]

template<typename T>

sf::Vector2< T >::Vector2 | ( | T | r,
|  | Angle | phi )

Construct the vector from polar coordinates (floating-point).

Parameters

  r | Length of vector (can be negative)
  phi | Angle from X axis

Note that this constructor is lossy: calling length() and angle() may return values different to those provided in this constructor.

In particular, these transforms can be applied:

- Vector2(r, phi) == Vector2(-r, phi + 180_deg)
- Vector2(r, phi) == Vector2(r, phi + n * 360_deg)

## Member Function Documentation

## ◆ angle()

template<typename T>

Angle sf::Vector2< T >::angle | ( |  | ) | const
| nodiscard

Signed angle from +X or (1,0) vector (floating-point).

For example, the vector (1,0) corresponds to 0 degrees, (0,1) corresponds to 90 degrees.

Returns
  Angle in the range [-180, 180) degrees.

Precondition
  This vector is no zero vector.

## ◆ angleTo()

template<typename T>

Angle sf::Vector2< T >::angleTo | ( | Vector2< T > | rhs | ) | const
| nodiscard

Signed angle from *this to rhs (floating-point).

Returns
  The smallest angle which rotates *this in positive or negative direction, until it has the same direction as rhs. The result has a sign and lies in the range [-180, 180) degrees.

Precondition
  Neither *this nor rhs is a zero vector.

## ◆ componentWiseDiv()

template<typename T>

Vector2 sf::Vector2< T >::componentWiseDiv | ( | Vector2< T > | rhs | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Component-wise division of *this and rhs.

Computes (lhs.x/rhs.x, lhs.y/rhs.y).

Scaling is the most common use case for component-wise multiplication/division.

Precondition
  Neither component of rhs is zero.

## ◆ componentWiseMul()

template<typename T>

Vector2 sf::Vector2< T >::componentWiseMul | ( | Vector2< T > | rhs | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Component-wise multiplication of *this and rhs.

Computes (lhs.x*rhs.x, lhs.y*rhs.y).

Scaling is the most common use case for component-wise multiplication/division. This operation is also known as the Hadamard or Schur product.

## ◆ cross()

template<typename T>

T sf::Vector2< T >::cross | ( | Vector2< T > | rhs | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Z component of the cross product of two 2D vectors.

Treats the operands as 3D vectors, computes their cross product and returns the result's Z component (X and Y components are always zero).

## ◆ dot()

template<typename T>

T sf::Vector2< T >::dot | ( | Vector2< T > | rhs | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Dot product of two 2D vectors.

## ◆ length()

template<typename T>

T sf::Vector2< T >::length | ( |  | ) | const
| nodiscard

Length of the vector (floating-point).

If you are not interested in the actual length, but only in comparisons, consider using lengthSquared().

## ◆ lengthSquared()

template<typename T>

T sf::Vector2< T >::lengthSquared | ( |  | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Square of vector's length.

Suitable for comparisons, more efficient than length().

## ◆ normalized()

template<typename T>

Vector2 sf::Vector2< T >::normalized | ( |  | ) | const
| nodiscard

Vector with same direction but length 1 (floating-point).

Precondition
  *this is no zero vector.

## ◆ operator Vector2< U >()

template<typename T>
template<typename U>

sf::Vector2< T >::operator Vector2< U > | ( |  | ) | const
| explicit constexpr

Converts the vector to another type of vector.

## ◆ perpendicular()

template<typename T>

Vector2 sf::Vector2< T >::perpendicular | ( |  | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Returns a perpendicular vector.

Returns *this rotated by +90 degrees; (x,y) becomes (-y,x). For example, the vector (1,0) is transformed to (0,1).

In SFML's default coordinate system with +X right and +Y down, this amounts to a clockwise rotation.

## ◆ projectedOnto()

template<typename T>

Vector2 sf::Vector2< T >::projectedOnto | ( | Vector2< T > | axis | ) | const
| nodiscard constexpr

Projection of this vector onto axis (floating-point).

Parameters

  axis | Vector being projected onto. Need not be normalized.

Precondition
  axis must not have length zero.

## ◆ rotatedBy()

template<typename T>

Vector2 sf::Vector2< T >::rotatedBy | ( | Angle | phi | ) | const
| nodiscard

Rotate by angle `phi` (floating-point).

Returns a vector with same length but different direction.

In SFML's default coordinate system with +X right and +Y down, this amounts to a clockwise rotation by phi.

## Friends And Related Symbol Documentation

## ◆ operator!=()

template<typename T>

bool operator!= | ( | Vector2< T > | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator!=.

This operator compares strict difference between two vectors.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  true if left is not equal to right

## ◆ operator*() [1/2]

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > operator* | ( | T | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator*.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a scalar value)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  Member-wise multiplication by left

## ◆ operator*() [2/2]

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > operator* | ( | Vector2< T > | left,
|  | T | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator*.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a scalar value)

Returns
  Member-wise multiplication by right

## ◆ operator*=()

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > & operator*= | ( | Vector2< T > & | left,
|  | T | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator*=.

This operator performs a member-wise multiplication by right, and assigns the result to left.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a scalar value)

Returns
  Reference to left

## ◆ operator+()

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > operator+ | ( | Vector2< T > | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator+.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  Member-wise addition of both vectors

## ◆ operator+=()

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > & operator+= | ( | Vector2< T > & | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator+=.

This operator performs a member-wise addition of both vectors, and assigns the result to left.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  Reference to left

## ◆ operator-() [1/2]

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > operator- | ( | Vector2< T > | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator-.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  Member-wise subtraction of both vectors

## ◆ operator-() [2/2]

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > operator- | ( | Vector2< T > | right | ) |
| related

Overload of unary operator-.

Parameters

  right | Vector to negate

Returns
  Member-wise opposite of the vector

## ◆ operator-=()

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > & operator-= | ( | Vector2< T > & | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator-=.

This operator performs a member-wise subtraction of both vectors, and assigns the result to left.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  Reference to `left`

## ◆ operator/()

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > operator/ | ( | Vector2< T > | left,
|  | T | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator/.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a scalar value)

Returns
  Member-wise division by right

## ◆ operator/=()

template<typename T>

Vector2< T > & operator/= | ( | Vector2< T > & | left,
|  | T | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator/=.

This operator performs a member-wise division by right, and assigns the result to left.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a scalar value)

Returns
  Reference to left

## ◆ operator==()

template<typename T>

bool operator== | ( | Vector2< T > | left,
|  | Vector2< T > | right )
| related

Overload of binary operator==.

This operator compares strict equality between two vectors.

Parameters

  left | Left operand (a vector)
  right | Right operand (a vector)

Returns
  true if left is equal to right

## Member Data Documentation

## ◆ x

template<typename T>

T sf::Vector2< T >::x {}

X coordinate of the vector.

Definition at line 206 of file Vector2.hpp.

## ◆ y

template<typename T>

T sf::Vector2< T >::y {}

Y coordinate of the vector.

Definition at line 207 of file Vector2.hpp.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

- Vector2.hpp