Type::Tiny::Bitfield(3)

NAME
Type::Tiny::Bitfield - bitfield/bitflag type constraints

SYNOPSIS
Using Type::Tiny::Bitfield's export feature:

  package LightSource {
    use Moo;

    use Type::Tiny::Bitfield LedSet => {
      RED   => 1,
      GREEN => 2,
      BLUE  => 4,
    };

    has leds => ( is => 'ro', isa => LedSet, default => 0, coerce => 1 );

    sub new_red {
      my $class = shift;
      return $class->new( leds => LEDSET_RED );
    }

    sub new_green {
      my $class = shift;
      return $class->new( leds => LEDSET_GREEN );
    }

    sub new_yellow {
      my $class = shift;
      return $class->new( leds => LEDSET_RED | LEDSET_GREEN );
    }
  }

Using Type::Tiny::Bitfield's object-oriented interface:

  package LightSource {
    use Moo;
    use Type::Tiny::Bitfield;

    my $LedSet = Type::Tiny::Bitfield->new(
      name   => 'LedSet',
      values => {
        RED   => 1,
        GREEN => 2,
        BLUE  => 4,
      },
      coercion => 1,
    );

    has leds => ( is => 'ro', isa => $LedSet, default => 0, coerce => 1 );

    sub new_red {
      my $class = shift;
      return $class->new( leds => $LedSet->RED );
    }

    sub new_green {
      my $class = shift;
      return $class->new( leds => $LedSet->GREEN );
    }

    sub new_yellow {
      my $class = shift;
      return $class->new( leds => $LedSet->coerce('red|green') );
    }
  }

STATUS
This module is covered by the Type-Tiny stability policy.

DESCRIPTION
Bitfield type constraints.

This package inherits from Type::Tiny; see that for most documentation. Major differences are listed below:

  Attributes

"values"
    Hashref of bits allowed in the bitfield. Keys must be UPPER_SNAKE_CASE strings. Values must be positive integers which are powers of two. The same number cannot be used multiple times.

"constraint"
    Unlike Type::Tiny, you cannot pass a constraint coderef to the constructor. Instead rely on the default.

"inlined"
    Unlike Type::Tiny, you cannot pass an inlining coderef to the constructor. Instead rely on the default.

"parent"
    Parent is always Types::Common::Numeric::PositiveOrZeroInt, and cannot be passed to the constructor.

"coercion"
    If "coercion => 1" is passed to the constructor, the type will have an automatic coercion from Str. Types built by the "import" method will always have "coercion => 1".

    In the SYNOPSIS example, the coercion from Str will accept strings like:

      "RED"
      "red"
      "Red Green"
      "Red+Blue"
      "blue | GREEN"
      "LEDSET_RED + LeDsEt_green"

  Methods
This class uses "AUTOLOAD" to allow the names of each bit in the bitfield to be used as methods. These method names will always be UPPER_SNAKE_CASE.

For example, in the synopsis, "LedSet->GREEN" would return 2.

Other methods it provides:

from_string( $str )
    Provides the standard coercion from a string, even if this type constraint doesn't have a coercion.

to_string( $int )
    Does the reverse coercion.

constant_names()
    This is a convenience to allow for:

      use base 'Exporter::Tiny';
      push our @EXPORT_OK, LineStyle->constant_names;

  Exports
Type::Tiny::Bitfield can be used as an exporter.

  use Type::Tiny::Bitfield LedSet => {
    RED    => 1,
    GREEN  => 2,
    BLUE   => 4,
  };

This will export the following functions into your namespace:

"LedSet"
is_LedSet( $value )
assert_LedSet( $value )
to_LedSet( $string )
LedSet_to_Str( $value )
"LEDSET_RED"
"LEDSET_GREEN"
"LEDSET_BLUE"

Multiple bitfield types can be exported at once:

  use Type::Tiny::Enum (
    LedSet     => { RED => 1, GREEN => 2, BLUE => 4 },
    LedPattern => { FLASHING => 1 },
  );

  Overloading
It is possible to combine two Bitfield types using the "+" operator.

  use Type::Tiny::Enum (
    LedSet     => { RED => 1, GREEN => 2, BLUE => 4 },
    LedPattern => { FLASHING => 8 },
  );

  has leds => (
    is      => 'ro',
    isa     => LedSet + LedPattern,
    default => 0,
    coerce  => 1
  );

This will allow values like "11" (LEDSET_RED|LEDSET_GREEN|LEDPATTERN_FLASHING).

An exception will be thrown if any of the names in the two types being combined conflict.

BUGS
Please report any bugs to <https://github.com/tobyink/p5-type-tiny/issues>.

SEE ALSO
Type::Tiny::Manual.

Type::Tiny.

AUTHOR
Toby Inkster <tobyink@cpan.org>.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE
This software is copyright (c) 2023-2025 by Toby Inkster.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES
THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.