=head1 NAME

perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

=head1 DESCRIPTION

You can think of a module as the fundamental unit of reusable Perl
code; see L<perlmod> for details.  Whenever anyone creates a chunk of
Perl code that they think will be useful to the world, they register
as a Perl developer at http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/04pause.html
so that they can then upload their code to the CPAN.  The CPAN is the
Comprehensive Perl Archive Network and can be accessed at
http://www.perl.com/CPAN/.

This documentation is for people who want to download CPAN modules
and install them on their own computer.

=head2 PREAMBLE

You have a file ending in .tar.gz (or, less often, .zip).  You know
there's a tasty module inside.  There are four steps you must now
take:

=over 5

=item B<DECOMPRESS> the file

=item B<UNPACK> the file into a directory

=item B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary)

=item B<INSTALL> the module.

=back

Here's how to perform each step for each operating system.  This is
I<not> a substitute for reading the README and INSTALL files that
might have come with your module!

Also note that these instructions are tailored for installing the
module into your system's repository of Perl modules.  But you can
install modules into any directory you wish.  For instance, where I
say C<perl Makefile.PL>, you can substitute C<perl
Makefile.PL PREFIX=/my/perl_directory> to install the modules
into C</my/perl_directory>.  Then you can use the modules
from your Perl programs with C<use lib
"/my/perl_directory/lib/site_perl";> or sometimes just C<use
"/my/perl_directory";>.  

=over 4

=item *

B<If you're on Unix,>

You can use Andreas Koenig's CPAN module 
( http://www.perl.com/CPAN/modules/by-module/CPAN ) 
to automate the following steps, from DECOMPRESS through INSTALL.

A. DECOMPRESS 

Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz>

You can get gzip from ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu. 

Or, you can combine this step with the next to save disk space:

     gzip -dc yourmodule.tar.gz | tar -xof -

B. UNPACK

Unpack the result with C<tar -xof yourmodule.tar>

C. BUILD

Go into the newly-created directory and type:

      perl Makefile.PL
      make
      make test

D. INSTALL

While still in that directory, type:

      make install

Make sure you have the appropriate permissions to install the module
in your Perl 5 library directory.  Often, you'll need to be root.

That's all you need to do on Unix systems with dynamic linking.
Most Unix systems have dynamic linking -- if yours doesn't, or if for
another reason you have a statically-linked perl, B<and> the
module requires compilation, you'll need to build a new Perl binary
that includes the module.  Again, you'll probably need to be root.

=item *

B<If you're running Windows 95 or NT with the ActiveState port of Perl>

   A. DECOMPRESS

You can use the shareware Winzip ( http://www.winzip.com ) to
decompress and unpack modules.

   B. UNPACK

If you used WinZip, this was already done for you.

   C. BUILD

Does the module require compilation (i.e. does it have files
that end in .xs, .c, .h, .y, .cc, .cxx, or .C)?  If it does, you're on
your own.  You can try compiling it yourself if you have a C compiler.
If you're successful, consider uploading the resulting binary to the
CPAN for others to use.  If it doesn't, go to INSTALL.

   D. INSTALL

Copy the module into your Perl's I<lib> directory.  That'll be one
of the directories you see when you type 

   perl -e 'print "@INC"'

=item *

B<If you're running Windows 95 or NT with the core Windows distribution of Perl,>

   A. DECOMPRESS

When you download the module, make sure it ends in either
C<.tar.gz> or C<.zip>.  Windows browsers sometimes
download C<.tar.gz> files as C<_tar.tar>, because
early versions of Windows prohibited more than one dot in a filename.

You can use the shareware WinZip ( http://www.winzip.com ) to
decompress and unpack modules.

Or, you can use InfoZip's C<unzip> utility (
http://www.cdrom.com/pub/infozip/Info-Zip.html ) to uncompress
C<.zip> files; type C<unzip yourmodule.zip> in
your shell.

Or, if you have a working C<tar> and C<gzip>, you can
type

   gzip -cd yourmodule.tar.gz | tar xvf -

in the shell to decompress C<yourmodule.tar.gz>.  This will
UNPACK your module as well.

   B. UNPACK

All of the methods in DECOMPRESS will have done this for you.

   C. BUILD

Go into the newly-created directory and type:

      perl Makefile.PL
      dmake
      dmake test

Depending on your perl configuration, C<dmake> might not be
available.  You might have to substitute whatever C<perl
-V:make> says. (Usually, that will be C<nmake> or
C<make>.)

   D. INSTALL

While still in that directory, type:

      dmake install

=item *

B<If you're using a Macintosh,>

A. DECOMPRESS

You can either use StuffIt Expander ( http://www.aladdinsys.com/ ) in
combination with I<DropStuff with Expander Enhancer>
(shareware), or the freeware MacGzip (
http://persephone.cps.unizar.es/general/gente/spd/gzip/gzip.html ).

B. UNPACK

If you're using DropStuff or Stuffit, you can just extract the tar
archive.  Otherwise, you can use the freeware I<suntar> (
http://www.cirfid.unibo.it/~speranza ).

C. BUILD

Does the module require compilation? 

1. If it does,

Overview: You need MPW and a combination of new and old CodeWarrior
compilers for MPW and libraries.  Makefiles created for building under
MPW use the Metrowerks compilers.  It's most likely possible to build
without other compilers, but it has not been done successfully, to our
knowledge.  Read the documentation in MacPerl: Power and Ease (
http://www.ptf.com/macperl/ ) on porting/building extensions, or find
an existing precompiled binary, or hire someone to build it for you.

Or, ask someone on the mac-perl mailing list (mac-perl@iis.ee.ethz.ch)
to build it for you.  To subscribe to the mac-perl mailing list, send
mail to mac-perl-request@iis.ee.ethz.ch.

2. If the module doesn't require compilation, go to INSTALL.

D. INSTALL

Make sure the newlines for the modules are in Mac format, not Unix format.
Move the files manually into the correct folders.

Move the files to their final destination: This will
most likely be in C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> (i.e.,
C<HD:MacPerl folder:site_lib:>).  You can add new paths to
the default C<@INC> in the Preferences menu item in the
MacPerl application (C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:> is added
automagically).  Create whatever directory structures are required
(i.e., for C<Some::Module>, create
C<$ENV{MACPERL}site_lib:Some:> and put
C<Module.pm> in that directory).

Run the following script (or something like it):

     #!perl -w
     use AutoSplit;
     my $dir = "${MACPERL}site_perl";
     autosplit("$dir:Some:Module.pm", "$dir:auto", 0, 1, 1);

Eventually there should be a way to automate the installation process; some
solutions exist, but none are ready for the general public yet.

=item *

B<If you're on the DJGPP port of DOS,>

   A. DECOMPRESS

djtarx ( ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/v2/ )
will both uncompress and unpack.  

   B. UNPACK

See above.

   C. BUILD

Go into the newly-created directory and type:

      perl Makefile.PL
      make
      make test

You will need the packages mentioned in C<Readme.dos>
in the Perl distribution.

   D. INSTALL

While still in that directory, type:

     make install	
     
You will need the packages mentioned in Readme.dos in the Perl distribution.

=item *

B<If you're on OS/2,>

Get the EMX development suite and gzip/tar, from either Hobbes (
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu ) or Leo ( http://www.leo.org ), and then follow
the instructions for Unix.

=item *

B<If you're on VMS,>

When downloading from CPAN, save your file with a C<.tgz>
extension instead of C<.tar.gz>.  All other periods in the
filename should be replaced with underscores.  For example,
C<Your-Module-1.33.tar.gz> should be downloaded as
C<Your-Module-1_33.tgz>.

A. DECOMPRESS

Type 

    gzip -d Your-Module.tgz

or, for zipped modules, type 

    unzip Your-Module.zip

Executables for gzip, zip, and VMStar ( Alphas:
http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/000TOOLS/ALPHA/ and Vaxen:
http://www.openvms.digital.com/cd/000TOOLS/VAX/ ).  

gzip and tar
are also available at ftp://ftp.digital.com/pub/VMS.

Note that GNU's gzip/gunzip is not the same as Info-ZIP's zip/unzip
package.  The former is a simple compression tool; the latter permits
creation of multi-file archives.

B. UNPACK

If you're using VMStar:

     VMStar xf Your-Module.tar

Or, if you're fond of VMS command syntax:

     tar/extract/verbose Your_Module.tar

C. BUILD 

Make sure you have MMS (from Digital) or the freeware MMK ( available from MadGoat at  http://www.madgoat.com ).  Then type this to create the
DESCRIP.MMS for the module: 

    perl Makefile.PL

Now you're ready to build:

    mms
    mms test

Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK.

D. INSTALL

Type 

    mms install

Substitute C<mmk> for C<mms> above if you're using MMK.

=item *

B<If you're on MVS>,

Introduce the .tar.gz file into an HFS as binary; don't translate from
ASCII to EBCDIC.

A. DECOMPRESS 

      Decompress the file with C<gzip -d yourmodule.tar.gz>

      You can get gzip from 
      http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/oe/bpxqp1.html.

B. UNPACK

Unpack the result with 

     pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < yourmodule.tar

The BUILD and INSTALL steps are identical to those for Unix.  Some
modules generate Makefiles that work better with GNU make, which is
available from http://www.mks.com/s390/gnu/index.htm.

=back

=head1 HEY

If you have any suggested changes for this page, let me know.  Please
don't send me mail asking for help on how to install your modules.
There are too many modules, and too few Orwants, for me to be able to
answer or even acknowledge all your questions.  Contact the module
author instead, or post to comp.lang.perl.modules, or ask someone
familiar with Perl on your operating system.

=head1 AUTHOR

Jon Orwant 

orwant@tpj.com

The Perl Journal, http://tpj.com

with invaluable help from Brandon Allbery, Charles Bailey, Graham
Barr, Dominic Dunlop, Jarkko Hietaniemi, Ben Holzman, Tom Horsley,
Nick Ing-Simmons, Tuomas J. Lukka, Laszlo Molnar, Chris Nandor, Alan
Olsen, Peter Prymmer, Gurusamy Sarathy, Christoph Spalinger, Dan
Sugalski, Larry Virden, and Ilya Zakharevich.

July 22, 1998

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 1998 Jon Orwant.  All Rights Reserved.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
documentation provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
documentation under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that they are marked clearly as modified versions, that the authors'
names and title are unchanged (though subtitles and additional
authors' names may be added), and that the entire resulting derived
work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical
to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
documentation into another language, under the above conditions for
modified versions.

